Selenium Crash Course

 

What is selenium?

Selenium is an open-source framework to automate and perform software testing such as smoke tests, integration tests, etc. on web applications. It provides a playback/recording tool and domain-specific language.

Get started with Selenium:

• Driver Initialization Basics:

  • Firefox WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
  • Chrome WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();                 
  • Internet Explorer WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();
  • Safari Driver WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();

• Driver Initialization Advanced:

A. Load firefox from a different location:

System.setProperty(“webdriver.firfox.bin”,“path/to/firfox/binary”);
FirefoxProfilefp= new FirefoxProfile();

B. Load firefox addons

File file=new File(“path/to/extension.xpi”);
fp.addextension(file)

Selenium Locators:

Selenium locators are used to finding and match the webpage elements that selenium interacts with. Following are some locators in selenium:

• Locating by ID

driver.findElement(By.id("q")).sendKeys("Se lenium 3");

• Locating by Name

driver.findElement(By.name("q")).sendKeys ("Selenium 3");

• Locating by Xpath

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='q'])).sendKeys("Selenium 3");

• Locating Hyperlinksby Link Text

driver.FindElement(By.LinkText("edit this page")).Click();

• Locating by DOM

dom =document.getElementById('signinForm')

• Locating by CSS

driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("#rightbar> .menu >li:nth-of-type(2) > h4"));

• Locating by ClassName

driver.findElement(By.className("profileheader"));

• Locating by TagName

driver.findElement(By.tagName("select")).C lick();

• Locating by LinkText

driver.findElement(By.linkText("NextP age")).click();

• Locating by PartialLinkText

driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(" NextP")).click();

Selenium Navigators:

The navigator interface in selenium helps in moving backward and forwards in the browser’s history. Following are some navigator commands you can use:

• Navigate to URL

driver.get(“http://newexample.com”)
driver.navigate().to(“http://newexample.com”)

• Refresh page

driver.navigate().refresh()

• Navigate forwards in browser history

driver.navigate().forward()

• Navigate backward in browser history

driver.navigate().back()

TestNG:

TestNG is an open-source framework for automated testing. The NG in TestNG stands for Next Generation. It is similar to Junit but with more functionality to offer. Following are the TestNG annotations:

• @test: This annotation marks a class or method as a part of a test
• @BeforeSuite: This annotation makes sure that the method only run once before all the tests have run
• @AfterSuite: This annotation makes sure that the method runs once after the execution of all the tests
• @BeforeTest: This annotation will make sure that the method marked with this annotation runs before the first method annotated with @test
• @AfterTest: This annotation will make sure that the method marked with this annotation runs after all the methods annotated with @test execute all the classes inside <test> tag in the testng.xml file.
• @BeforeGroups : A method annotated with this annotation will run before all the first test methods run in that specific group
• @AfterGroups: A method annotated with this annotation will run after all the test methods run in that specific group
• @BeforeClass: A method annotated with this annotation will run only once per class and before all the first test methods run
• @AfterClass: A method annotated with this annotation will run only once per class and after all the test methods run
• @BeforeMethod: A method annotated with this annotation will run before every @test annotated method
• @AfterMethod: A method annotated with this annotation will run after every @test annotated method

JUNIT

JUNIT (Java Unit Testing Tool) is a framework used to perform unit-level testing. Following are the JUNIT annotations:

• @Test: test method to run with public void return type
• @After: method to run after the test method
• @AfterClass: method to run before the test method
• @Before: method to run before the test method
• @BeforeClass: method to run once before any of the test methods in the class have been executed
• @Ignore: This annotation is used to ignore a method

Windows:

Sometimes the web applications may have multiple frames or windows. Selenium assigns each window a unique alphanumeric id which is called window handle. Selenium then uses the id to switch control among windows.

String handle=driver.getWindowHandle();
Set<String> handles = getWindowHandles();
driver.switchTo().window(handle);

• How to switch to a newly created window

 String curWindow=driver.getWindowHandle();

• Get all window handles

Set<String> handles = getWindowHandles();
For(string handle: handles){
If (!handle.equals(curWindow))
{driver.switchTo().window(handle);
}
}

Frames

• Using Frame Index:

driver.switchTO().frame(1);

• Using Name of Frame:

driver.switchTo().frame(“name”)

• Using web Element Object:

driver.switchTO().frame(element);

• Get back to main document:

driver.switchTO().defaultContent();

Operations:

In selenium there are certain operations that can be performed on the web elements. Following is the list of those operations along with their respective syntax:

• Launch Webpage:

get("www.webdriverinselenium.com");

• Click Button: 

findElement(By.id("submit")).click();

• Handle Alert:

AlertAlertpopup = driver.switchTo().alert();

• Disable a Field:

getElementsByName('') [0].setAttribute('disabled', '')

• Enable a Field :

getElementsByName('') [0].removeAttribute('disabled');

• Screenshot : 

File snapshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(snapshot, new File("C:\\screenshot.jpg"));

• Print the Title of the Page:

String pagetitle = driver.getTitle();
System.out.print(pagetitle);

• Implicit Wait: 

manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

• Explicit Wait:

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 20);

• Sleep :

Thread.Sleep(10);

Alerts:

Sometimes a message box pops up on the screen to display some kind of notification to the user or maybe an ask for permission or to display a warning etc. These messages are called alerts. Alert interface provides some ways to handle the alerts in selenium:

Capture the alert message:

driver.switchTO().alert.getText();

Click on the ‘OK’ button of the alert:

driver.switchTO().alert.accept();

Click on the ‘Cancel’ button of the alert:

driver.switchTO().alert.dismiss();

Send some data to the alert box:

driver.switchTO().alert.sendKeys(“Text”);

Selenium Grid:

Selenium Grid helps selenium run multiple tests across different operating systems, browsers, and machines in parallel.

• Start hub:

java-jar selenium-server- standalone-x.xx.x.jar-role hub

• Start node:

java-jar selenium-server- standalone-x.xx.x.jar-role node-hub
http://localhost:4444/grid/register

• Server:

http://localhost:4444/grid/console